Which law states that allele pairs segregate during gamete formation?

The Law of Segregation articulates a fundamental principle of genetics, stating that allele pairs segregate, or separate, during the formation of gametes in meiosis. This means that each gamete carries only one allele for each gene because the alleles for a given trait separate so that offspring obtain one allele from each parent.

During meiosis, homologous chromosomes, which carry the alleles, are separated into different gametes. This separation ensures that when fertilization occurs, the offspring inherits a set of alleles from each parent, contributing to genetic diversity.

Understanding this law is crucial for predicting inheritance patterns, as it helps explain how traits are passed from parents to offspring. The other laws mentioned, while related to genetics, focus on different aspects: the Law of Independent Assortment discusses how genes for different traits can segregate independently during gamete formation, the Law of Dominance explains how some alleles overshadow others, and the Law of Codominance deals with situations in which both alleles in a gene pair are fully expressed.