What role do mutations play in evolution?

Mutations are crucial for the process of evolution because they introduce new genetic variations into a population. These changes in the DNA sequence can create different alleles, which contribute to the genetic diversity of a species. This diversity is essential because it provides the raw material for natural selection to act upon. When environmental pressures or changes occur, those individuals with beneficial mutations may have a greater chance of survival and reproduction. Over time, beneficial mutations can increase in frequency within the population, leading to evolutionary changes.

In contrast, options that suggest that mutations decrease genetic diversity, have no effect, or prevent adaptation do not accurately reflect the vital role that mutations play in evolution. In fact, mutations increase genetic variation, which is necessary for adaptation and survival in changing environments. Thus, mutations are fundamental to the process of evolution and are a key component of how species evolve over time.