What is the significance of Mendel's law of independent assortment?

Mendel's law of independent assortment is significant because it explains how alleles for different traits segregate independently during the formation of gametes. This means that the distribution of one pair of alleles does not influence the distribution of another pair when gametes are formed. As a result, the inheritance of one trait can occur without affecting the inheritance of another trait. This principle was crucial for understanding genetic variation, as it laid the groundwork for the concept that traits are inherited independently, leading to diverse combinations in offspring.

The concept of independent assortment helps to explain why different traits can be inherited together in varied combinations rather than being fixed to specific pairs of traits. This law has profound implications for genetic diversity and is fundamental to the field of genetics and the study of heredity.