What is the definition of a dihybrid cross?

A dihybrid cross is defined as a genetic cross that examines two traits simultaneously. This type of cross allows for the observation of how different traits are inherited together, providing insights into the principles of independent assortment and genetic variation. During a dihybrid cross, typically two parent organisms that are both heterozygous for two different traits are considered. For example, if one trait is seed shape (round versus wrinkled) and the other is seed color (yellow versus green), analyzing their offspring helps in understanding how these traits are inherited together and independently.

This approach is a fundamental aspect of Mendelian genetics, illustrating how genes for different traits can segregate during the formation of gametes and then recombine during fertilization. By studying two traits at once, researchers can apply the principles of Mendel's law of independent assortment, which states that the alleles of different genes assort independently of one another during gamete formation.

In contrast, options focusing on one trait, multiple alleles of a single trait, or the study of a single trait over multiple generations do not represent the broader scope of a dihybrid cross. These approaches do not capture the complexity of inheritance patterns that can occur when examining two different traits at the same time.