What is an autosome?

An autosome refers specifically to a chromosome that is not involved in determining the sex of an organism. In humans, for instance, there are 22 pairs of autosomes, which are distinguishable from the sex chromosomes (the X and Y chromosomes). Autosomes carry the majority of genetic information necessary for the growth, development, and functioning of the organism, including traits that are not linked to gender.

This distinction is critical in genetics, as it helps to categorize chromosomes based on function and inheritance patterns. Understanding the role of autosomes is foundational in genetics, as they play a significant part in Mendelian inheritance patterns, where traits can be dominant or recessive and can be passed down through generations independent of sex-linked traits.