What does a Punnett square illustrate?

A Punnett square is a tool used in genetics to predict the possible genetic combinations that can result from a genetic cross between two organisms. By outlining the alleles contributed by each parent across the square, it visually represents how different traits may be inherited. This method helps to determine the probability of an offspring inheriting specific alleles, which in turn leads to various traits. This predictive model is essential in understanding inheritance patterns and outcomes in Mendelian genetics.

The use of a Punnett square facilitates easy analysis of dominant and recessive traits, allowing students and researchers to understand genetic ratios and the likelihood of traits manifesting in the offspring. Thus, it serves as a foundational concept in the study of heredity and is critical for visualizing and calculating the potential genotypes and phenotypes of the progeny from a particular genetic cross.