How many alleles are typically involved in a dihybrid cross?

In a dihybrid cross, the focus is on two different traits that are each represented by two alleles. For each trait, there are typically two alleles (one inherited from each parent). Therefore, when considering both traits together, a dihybrid cross involves a total of four alleles: two for the first trait and two for the second trait.

For example, if we are looking at seed shape and seed color in pea plants, one trait might have alleles for round seeds (R) and wrinkled seeds (r), while the second trait might involve alleles for yellow seeds (Y) and green seeds (y). When these traits are combined in a dihybrid cross, the offspring can exhibit combinations of these alleles, resulting in a total of four distinct alleles being considered. This interaction allows for a more complex inheritance pattern and leads to a greater variety of potential genotypes and phenotypes in the offspring.

Thus, the correct answer of four alleles reflects the combination of both traits involved in a dihybrid cross, providing a clear understanding of Mendelian genetics in this context.