How is biological sex different from gender?

The distinction between biological sex and gender is critical in understanding human biology and social dynamics. Biological sex refers to the physical attributes associated with being male or female, such as chromosomes, hormone levels, and reproductive/sexual anatomy. Typically, individuals are classified as male or female based on these biological characteristics at birth.

On the other hand, gender encompasses a broader spectrum that includes the social roles, behaviors, expectations, and identities that society associates with being male or female. While biological sex is rooted in physical and physiological differences, gender reflects how individuals perceive themselves and how they fit into societal norms regarding masculinity and femininity.

This answer captures the essence of the differences between biological sex and gender, highlighting the complexity of gender identity beyond biological determinism.